Uphuhliso lobuchwephesha bokwemba ubukhulu becala luxhomekeke kwisixhobo solawulo esiluqilima. Ulawulo oluluqilima lobuchwephesha likhonkco elibalulekileyo lokugcina nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kodaka lokomba, kwaye likwayinxalenye yamacandelo obugcisa obuqhelekileyo bokomba.
Ekubhobhozeni udaka, ubungakanani bamasuntswana aqinileyo anempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kodaka kunye nesantya sokungena koomatshini kungaphezulu kwe-15 microns, kubalwa malunga ne-70% yezinto eziqinileyo zizonke. Abantu bazama ukuyisusa nangaliphi na ixesha ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini ezisebenza ngakumbi. Ngophuhliso lweteknoloji yokomba, iimfuno zokusebenza zodaka ziphezulu kwaye ziphezulu. Ukuziqhelanisa kuye kwabonisa ukuba iteknoloji yokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka ngokulawula udaka oluqinileyo luye lwaphuhliswa kwi-teknoloji ebalulekileyo yokuncedisa udaka lokugaya, oluhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokuzinzisa iimeko zequla kunye nokuphucula isantya sokomba. Ukuze unikeze ngodaka oluphezulu lokugaya, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nesethi yezixhobo ezipheleleyo kunye nezisebenzayo zokucoca udaka, okuyisiqinisekiso sokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kodaka lokugaya.
Isigaba esiqinileyo kwi-drilling fluid kunye nodaka lunokwahlulwa lube ngamacandelo amabini ngokwemisebenzi yawo: enye iluncedo kwisigaba esiqinileyo, njenge-bentonite, i-arhente yonyango lwemichiza, i-barite powder, njl. i-bentonite, isanti, njl.
Okubizwa ngokuba yisigaba esiluqilima solawulo lolwelo lokomba kukuphelisa isigaba esiqinileyo esiyingozi kunye nokugcina isigaba esiluncedo esiluqilima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zobuchwepheshe bokomba ekusebenzeni kolwelo lokomba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulawulo oluqinileyo lwe-drilling fluid lubizwa ngokuba lulawulo oluqinileyo.
Ukubaluleka kolawulo oluluqilima kunikwa ingqalelo. Kuye kube yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhutshwa okukhuselekileyo, okusemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukhuselwa kweoli kunye neegesi zegesi. Ulawulo oluluqilima yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokuphumeza ukugrumba okufanelekileyo. Ulawulo oluluqilima olulungileyo lunokubonelela ngeemeko eziyimfuneko zokomba ngokwenzululwazi. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwesigaba esiluqilima lunokukhusela i-oyile kunye ne-gas reservoir, ukunciphisa i-torque yokugrumba kunye ne-friction, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo lwe-annulus suction, ukunciphisa ukubakho koxinzelelo lokuncamathela okwahlukileyo, ukuphucula isantya sokomba, ukwandisa ubomi be-drill bit. ukuguga kwezixhobo kunye nemibhobho, ukuphucula ubomi beendawo ezisesichengeni zenkqubo yokujikeleza kolwelo, ukwandisa ukuzinza kwequla, ukuphucula iimeko ze-casing, ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokwemba ulwelo. Idatha yezibalo zentsimi ibonisa ukuba kuluhlu oluphantsi loxinaniso, izinga lokungena komatshini linganyuswa malunga ne-8% nganye yokunciphisa i-1% kumxholo oqinileyo wokugaya umbane (okulingana no-0.01 ukuncipha kobuninzi be-drilling fluid). Ingabonwa ukuba izibonelelo zolawulo oluluqilima zibaluleke kakhulu.
Ubukho obuqinileyo obungenamsebenzi obugqithisileyo eludakeni yeyona ngozi inkulu efihlakeleyo yokonakalisa ukusebenza kolwelo lokomba, ukunciphisa izinga lokungena nokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-downhole. Kwinkqubo yexesha elide kunye nophando oluqhubekayo, abantu baye bagqiba ekubeni isigaba esiqinileyo esingenamsebenzi esingenamsebenzi eludakeni siya kuzisa le miphumo emibi ilandelayo kumsebenzi wokugaya.
Isiqulatho esiphakamileyo esiqinileyo sodaka, umxhuzulane okhethekileyo omkhulu, kunye nokwanda koxinzelelo loxinzelelo lomngxuma ongezantsi wonyusa ifuthe lokubamba uxinzelelo lwentsika yolwelo elityeni, engabangeli ukuqhekeka kwamatye ezantsi komngxuma. Isiqulatho esiqinileyo sodaka siphezulu, ukukwazi ukuthwala ukusika ukusika kuyancipha, kwaye inani elikhulu lamaqhekeza amakhulu okugaya ukusika alikwazi ukukhutshwa emngxunyeni ngexesha, okubangela ukuphulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-rock cuttings nge-drill bit, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ukunxiba kwezixhobo zokomba, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela isantya sokomba.
Ngexesha lokugaya, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kunye nomxholo oqinileyo wodaka uya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wekhekhe lodaka olwenziwe eludongeni lomngxuma. Ukulahleka kwamanzi ombane wokugaya kuncinci, ikhekhe lodaka lincinci kwaye linzima, kwaye ukukhuselwa kodonga kulungile, okuyinjongo yethu. Isiqulatho esiphakamileyo esiqinileyo siya kwandisa ilahleko yamanzi eludakeni, okuya kukhokelela ekufunxeni kwamanzi, ukwandiswa kwehydration kunye nokungazinzi kodonga lomngxuma wokubunjwa kwe-shale, okukhokelela ekuphakanyisweni kakubi kunye nokukhubeka, okukhokelela kwiingozi emngxunyeni. Ukongeza, ukuba ikeyiki yodaka ityebile kakhulu kwaye ikhululekile, iya kwandisa indawo yokunxibelelana phakathi kwesixhobo sokomba kunye nodonga lomthombo, oluya kukhokelela ngokulula kwiingozi zokuncamathela.
Okukhona umxholo oqinileyo, mkhulu ukunxiba komatshini wenkqubo yokujikeleza. Udaka oluninzi luya kukhawulezisa ukunxiba kwe-cylinder liner kunye nepiston yempompo yodaka, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ixesha lokulondoloza kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokomba. Ukuba umxholo oqinileyo uphezulu kakhulu, kuya kubangela ukunyuswa kwindonga yangaphakathi yombhobho wokugaya, kuchaphazela ukuloba kombhobho wangaphakathi, kwaye unyanzelekile ukuba uphakamise umbhobho wokubhobhoza ukuphatha ukulinganisa, ngaloo ndlela uphazamise inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokusebenza. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokomba kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokunyuka okukhulu kwexesha elincedisayo.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokugaya, ukusebenza kodaka kuya kutshintsha ukuba i-cuttings cutting cuttings ayisuswanga ngexesha ngenxa yokuba zihlala zingena eludakeni. Xa isiqulatho sesanti eludakeni singaphezulu kwe-4%, sithathwa njengodaka lwenkunkuma. Kufuneka ikhutshwe kwaye itshintshwe ngodaka olutsha. Uninzi lodaka luyisisombululo se-alkaline, kwaye ukukhutshwa okungahleliwe akuyi kutshabalalisa kuphela izityalo, kodwa kubangele i-alkalization yomhlaba kwaye kuthintele ukuvuselelwa kwezityalo. Ukongezelela, kukho ezinye izongezo edakeni ezenza udaka lube mnyama, kwaye ubuninzi bokukhutshwa kuya kubangela ukungcola okubonakalayo kwindalo.